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Type 316 and 316L Stainless Steels
Description
 Type 316 (UNS S 31600) is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless and heat resisting steel with superior corrosion resistance to other chromium-nickel steels when exposed to many types of chemical corrodents, as well as marine atmospheres. It also has superior creep strength at elevated temperatures. In the lower carbon 316L material, carbide precipitation, as a result of welding, will be minimized, resulting in less susceptibility to intergranular corrosion.

Product Forms
Ingots, Slabs, Hot bands, Sheet, Strip

Typical Applications

  • Chemical screens, storage and transportation tanks, tubing
  • Food processing equipment, steam-cooking kettles
  • Oil refining equipment
  • Paper digesters, evaporators, handling, equipment
  • Pharmaceutical processing equipment
  • Scrubbers for environmental control
  • Soap and Photographic handling equipment
  • Textile industry

Chemical Composition
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Moly.
T316 0.08 max.
T316L 0.03 max.		 2.00
max.		 1.00
max.		 16.00/
18.00		 10.00/
14.00		 2.00/
3.00

Typical Material Properties
Finish/
Condition		 Yield
Strength
psi		 Tensile
Strength
psi		 Elongation
in 2 in.,
%		 Hardness
Rockwell
B
No. 1/2D Finish,
annealed		 40,000 84,000 52 79
No. 2/2B Finish,
annealed		 45,000 84,000 50 83

Processing

  • Annealing
    Cool rapidly from 1900-2050°F. The object of this treatment is to take carbides into solution and keep them in solution by cooling rapidly (usually in water).
  • Hardening
    These grades can be hardened only by cold working. See table of Typical Mechanical Properties.
  • Stress Relieving
     The recommended temperature range for stress relieving is 400-750°F.

Hot Working

  • Preheating temperature-1500-1600°F for large sections.
  • Forging and pressing temperature--2100-2300°F.
  • Finishing temperature-1700°F (the reductions below 1800°F should be light).

Forming
 Types 316 and 316L can be formed into most shapes. However, as they will work harden, material should be in the annealed condition before each severe cold forming operations. It is also recomended that after severe cold forming operations, material be stress relieved as a final step.

Physical Properties
Density
lb./cu. in.		 Modulus of
Elasticity
in Tension
x 10^6, psi		 Specific
Heat
Btu/°F/lb		 Thermal
Conductivity
Btu/hr/ft^2/ft/		 Mean Coefficient
of Thermal Expansion
per °F(x 10^-6)		 Melting
Point
Range		 Electrical
Resistivity
microohn-cm
32-212 °F °F °F °F @ 70 °F
0.29 28.0 0.12 212 932 32-212 32-600 32-1000 32-1200 2500/2550 78
9.4 12.4 8.9 9.0 9.7 10.3

Elevated Temperature Strength
Creep Strength,
load for 1% elong
10,000 hr,psi		 Temperature
1000 °F 1100 °F 1200 °F 1300 °F
25,000 18,200 12,700 7900

Welding
Type 316 and 316L posseses excellent welding characteristics. These grades can be welded by the electronic arc, gas fusion or electric resistance processes. Welds in these alloys possess toughness, structural stability and high strength. Types 316 or 316Cb filler metal or electrodes may be used.

Corrosion
Type 316 have excellent resistance to most organic acids, e.g., acetic, benzoic , lactic. It is superior to the regular chromium-nickel stainless grades in sea water and is less susceptible to pitting attack.

Oxidation
In ordinary atmosphere, type 316 has good scaling resistance up to 1650°F in continuous service, 1500°F in intermittent service.
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